If you’ve wandered through the grocery store recently, you’ve likely noticed a surge of appealing gluten-free products popping up almost weekly. For those with food allergies or severe reactions to gluten—such as rashes or hives—this trend is a welcome relief. However, gastroenterologists caution against jumping on the gluten-free bandwagon if you’re not medically required to do so.
When people mention gluten allergies, they often mistakenly refer to celiac disease, a serious condition that requires attention from a gastroenterologist rather than an allergist. It’s essential to differentiate between gluten and wheat allergies, as misinformation can abound in today’s digital world. “Various foods can lead to different reactions, and it’s crucial to categorize these reactions accurately,” says Dr. Emily Rivera, an allergist based in Chicago.
Let’s clarify gluten and wheat allergies with insights from experts in the field.
What You Need to Know About Gluten and Wheat Allergies
Often what people call a gluten allergy is more accurately termed a wheat allergy. A wheat allergy triggers an immediate, potentially life-threatening response when your immune system produces antibodies against wheat proteins. Testing for this condition can be done through skin and blood tests, and management typically involves an allergist.
Gluten itself is a protein found in several grains. Individuals who are gluten-intolerant (more on that later) can react to various grains in the Pooideae subfamily, including barley, oats, rye, and wheat. Conversely, those with a wheat allergy usually tolerate other grains without issues.
Symptoms of Wheat Allergy in Adults and Children
Symptoms of a wheat allergy are similar for both children and adults, although individual experiences may vary. In rare cases, a wheat allergy can lead to anaphylaxis, a severe and life-threatening reaction that impairs breathing and can result in shock.
Most adults are aware of their wheat allergies and may carry an Epinephrine pen for emergencies. If you suspect your child has a serious wheat allergy, consult their pediatrician immediately. If diagnosed, your child will likely need an Epinephrine pen and must adhere to strict dietary guidelines. In case of anaphylaxis symptoms—such as swelling in the throat or tongue—call 911 right away.
Fortunately, anaphylaxis from wheat allergies is uncommon. More typical symptoms include:
- Hives or rashes
- Eczema
- Itchy, watery eyes
- Abdominal pain or nausea
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Stomach cramps
- Nasal congestion and sneezing
- Wheezing or asthma
- Headaches
- Dizziness
- Blurred vision
If you experience any of these symptoms after consuming wheat, seek medical advice for testing to confirm or rule out a wheat allergy. Presently, medical professionals are still developing definitive tests for gluten and wheat sensitivities. The process often involves elimination diets alongside various tests. While it can be frustrating, these tests are crucial for understanding your health or your child’s.
How Common Are Wheat Allergies? Can You Outgrow Them?
Though wheat is among the top eight food allergens in the U.S., about 65% of children outgrow their wheat allergy by age 12.
Ingredients to Avoid with a Wheat Allergy
Wheat is prevalent in many packaged foods, so becoming adept at reading labels is essential. Common ingredients that may trigger a wheat allergy include:
- Bran
- Bread crumbs
- Bulgur
- Cereals containing wheat
- Couscous
- Durum and semolina (types of wheat)
- Flour (all varieties)
- Gluten
- Pasta
- Seitan
Additionally, be cautious with products like Play-Doh, which contains wheat and can accidentally be ingested by young children.
Safe Alternatives for Wheat Allergies
Fortunately, there are plenty of grains that those with wheat allergies can enjoy, including:
- Oats
- Rice
- Corn
- Quinoa
- Buckwheat
Managing a Wheat Allergy
Currently, the only effective treatment for a wheat allergy is strict avoidance of wheat. Thankfully, gluten-free options have expanded significantly in recent years, allowing for more variety in meals.
Understanding Gluten Sensitivity
Gluten sensitivity refers to non-life-threatening adverse reactions to gluten-containing foods. Unlike wheat allergies, there’s no FDA-approved test for gluten sensitivity. An allergist can provide a tailored management plan for those experiencing discomfort from gluten consumption.
Symptoms of Gluten Sensitivity
Symptoms of gluten sensitivity can vary widely from person to person. Dr. Rivera explains, “Some patients report bloating, while others may experience skin issues.” Currently, there is no testing available for gluten sensitivity.
Foods to Avoid on a Gluten-Free Diet
To maintain a gluten-free diet, you should avoid all wheat products, as well as rye and barley. Cross-contact is also a concern, making it essential to read labels carefully. Here’s a list of foods to steer clear of:
- Beer and malt beverages
- Bread
- Cakes and pastries
- Cookies and crackers
- Pasta
- Salad dressings with gluten
- Soups and bouillon
With FDA regulations, food labeled as gluten-free can be trusted, and these products are increasingly available in stores.
Is There a Test for Gluten Sensitivity?
Currently, there is no FDA-approved test for gluten sensitivity. While some kits may claim to diagnose gluten issues, they lack scientific backing. Testing for gluten sensitivity is complicated due to the variety of symptoms individuals may experience.
Other Negative Reactions to Gluten/Wheat
Wheat is known to exacerbate conditions like eczema and can lead to delayed reactions such as food protein-induced enterocolitis (FPIES) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EOE), both of which also require strict avoidance of wheat.
Gluten Intolerance Symptoms Checklist
A gluten intolerance can manifest in numerous ways, some of which may not seem connected to gluten. A checklist of symptoms can help you discuss your concerns with your doctor. Possible symptoms include:
- Bloating
- Diarrhea and constipation
- Skin conditions
- Fatigue
- Brain fog
- Unexplained weight loss
If you’re experiencing multiple symptoms, especially after eating gluten, it’s wise to consult your doctor.
Can You Suddenly Become Gluten Intolerant?
While some are born with gluten intolerance, others may develop it later in life due to genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms can sometimes be delayed, complicating the identification of the cause.
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Summary
Navigating gluten and wheat allergies can be a daunting task, especially with the prevalence of misinformation. Understanding the differences between wheat allergies and gluten sensitivity is crucial for effective management. With a proper understanding of symptoms, testing options, and safe alternatives, you can take control of your dietary choices and health.
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