In a recent discussion, we consulted Dr. Emily Thompson, a board-certified family medicine physician based in Orange County, NY, to gain deeper insights into treating minor burns effectively.
Even minor first-degree burns can be incredibly painful and create a sensation akin to your skin being on fire. While applying cool water to the affected area can provide some relief (and it’s essential that you do this), most of us can’t carry around a cup of chilled water to soak a burned finger throughout the day. Fortunately, there are various methods available for treating burns, though many are based more on myth than fact. Here’s what you should know about burn treatment, including important first aid remedies to keep readily available at home.
Understanding First-Degree Burns
According to health experts, burns are classified into three categories, with severity increasing as the number increases. First-degree burns are the least severe, while third-degree burns can be life-threatening. This guide focuses solely on first-degree burns, which can generally be treated at home. More severe second- and third-degree burns usually require immediate medical attention.
First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of skin, known as the epidermis. The burn site typically appears red, dry, and painful. In some cases, blisters may form. Common causes of first-degree burns include sunburn, being scalded by hot water, touching hot surfaces, or experiencing a rug burn.
Immediate Treatment Steps for a Burn
To promote quick healing for a first-degree burn, it’s crucial to cool the area immediately by running it under cool (but not ice-cold) water. If the location of the burn makes this difficult, consider using a bathtub or shower. If none of these options are available, applying a cool, wet compress can be effective. Keep the area cool until the pain subsides. If the burned person wears any rings or tight accessories near the area, remove them gently as swelling may occur.
Next, apply an antibiotic ointment to minimize the risk of infection and cover the burn with a sterile bandage or gauze. Be sure to stretch the burned area daily to prevent contracture, which can lead to stiffness and restricted movement. Protect the injury from sunlight as well.
Addressing Burn Blisters
Even superficial burns can develop blisters. Dr. Thompson cautions against popping intact blisters, as they serve as a protective barrier for the skin underneath. If a blister breaks naturally, do not remove the remaining skin; allow it to heal properly. In cases where a blister is large or not showing improvement over time, it may need specialized medical attention to ensure it isn’t hiding a more serious injury or infection.
What to Apply on a Burn
After cooling the burn, gently wash the area with soap and water. A thin layer of ointment, such as aloe vera or petroleum jelly, may be applied afterward. However, antibiotic ointments are not typically necessary for superficial burns and can sometimes trigger allergic reactions. Avoid using creams, lotions, oils, or cortisone on the burn.
If pain persists, over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), or aspirin can be taken. Ensure to follow dosage instructions, especially for children.
Natural Remedies for Burns
Different households often have unique remedies for treating burns, many of which involve food items. Honey is a popular choice due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. While some evidence suggests that honey can be soothing for small, superficial burns, Dr. Thompson favors using a clean sterile dressing for protection. Honey isn’t suitable for larger or deeper burns, which require medical care.
Butter is another common home remedy that should be avoided, as it can trap heat against the skin, worsening the injury and increasing infection risk. Similarly, salt is not a recommended treatment for burns.
Dressing a Burn
After initial treatment, you may wonder how to proceed. While some believe that covering the burn is essential, others argue for letting it “breathe.” The right choice often depends on the burn’s severity and location. Superficial burns may not require dressing, but deeper burns should be covered to reduce the risk of infection.
Healing After a Burn
First-degree burns typically heal on their own, with minor burns improving within a few days to a week. However, healing can take up to three weeks for some cases. It’s common for the area to become itchy during the healing process, but scratching should be avoided to prevent skin damage. If scarring occurs, consult a doctor for further advice.
Skin Color Changes
Unlike more severe burns, first-degree burns seldom result in tissue damage, but they may leave darker or lighter patches on the skin. The time required for the skin to return to its original color varies by individual. Dr. Thompson recommends using scar gel or silicone sheets after healing to assist with scar resolution.
Fading Burn Scars
While scars can be frustrating, there are several natural remedies to help diminish their appearance. Here are some options:
- Aloe Vera: Apply the gel from the plant twice daily, leaving it on for about 30 minutes before washing off.
- Vitamin E: Squeeze the oil from vitamin E capsules onto the scar or use vitamin E lotions.
- Coconut Oil: Rub the oil into the scar two to four times daily.
- Honey: Cover the scar with honey and bandage it overnight; wash off in the morning.
- Potatoes: Rub a slice of potato on the scar until it dries, then wash it off after 10 minutes.
- Tomatoes: Use slices of tomatoes, which contain beneficial vitamins, to help lighten the scar.
For more information on home remedies and treatments, check out our post here or visit Make a Mom for expert advice. Additionally, Progyny is an excellent resource for topics related to pregnancy and home insemination.
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Summary:
In summary, treating minor burns effectively involves cooling the burn immediately, applying proper ointments, and covering the area if necessary. Avoid common myths around home remedies, and consult a physician for burns that worsen or do not heal properly. With a bit of care and patience, minor burns can heal well without complications.
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