Understanding the Risks Before Your Child Engages in Tackle Football

In 2019, 8% of parents with children aged 5 to 18 reported that their kids participated in tackle football. Given that this sport is predominantly male, that translates to a significant number of boys involved in full-contact football. Although high school participation rates have been declining since 2008—most notably dropping by over 70,000 players between 2016 and 2018—the loss in 2019 was minimal, with only a decrease of 2,489 players. According to Aspen Project Play, approximately 1.5 million kids aged 13 to 17 were playing tackle football that year.

With so many young athletes involved in this sport, there are inherent risks involved, particularly concerning head trauma. The National Federation of State High School Associations claims that the slight decline in players is due to increased parental trust, as they have implemented stricter rules to limit contact during practice and instituted concussion protocols. Pop Warner Football, with over 225,000 players aged 5 to 14, has introduced guidelines aimed at reducing injuries, including limiting practice contact to 25%. They also require medical clearance for children who have sustained a suspected head injury. While they offer flag football, tackle football starts as early as age five.

The Impact on Young Brains

Research into the effects of high-impact exposure and concussions on youth athletes is extensive. A 2019 study involving 29 boys aged 9-12 found no significant link between “repetitive subconcussive head impacts” and neurobehavioral functioning. However, a subsequent 2020 study with 200 participants aged 9-13 discovered that increased head impacts were correlated with negative cognitive changes, especially in younger children.

Despite some studies indicating stability in vision, hearing, and balance in the absence of concussions, the alarming statistics surrounding concussions cannot be ignored. A study published in 2019 revealed a 5% concussion rate among tackle football players aged 4-15, with many children still experiencing symptoms weeks after an injury.

The Reality of Head Impact Burden

The term “head impact burden” refers to the frequency and severity of hits a child receives, which can vary greatly and is often difficult to track accurately. Research indicates that middle schoolers experience a higher impact burden than high schoolers, and many young athletes may not be able to accurately report their experiences regarding hits. Disturbingly, a 2019 study found that 80% of significant head impacts in youth football were intentional, suggesting that the sport’s structure encourages risky behavior.

Long-Term Effects

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a degenerative brain disorder linked to repeated traumatic brain injuries, and athletes are at a heightened risk. Findings from Boston University revealed that starting tackle football before age 12 could lead to symptoms of CTE appearing up to 13 years earlier. While organizations like Pop Warner have made efforts to curb contact, the dangers of subconcussive impacts remain relevant.

A significant 63% of parents support establishing a minimum legal age for tackle football, yet the NCAA remains ambiguous on the subject. Comparatively, U.S. Soccer has imposed restrictions on heading for younger players, raising questions about why similar measures aren’t applied to tackle football.

While many parents may find tackle football appealing for their children, the risks associated with concussions and head impacts persist. The sport might be evolving to become safer, yet the fundamental dangers remain unchanged.

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Conclusion

In summary, tackle football presents significant risks, particularly concerning head injuries and long-term cognitive effects. As you consider your child’s involvement in this sport, weigh the potential dangers against the benefits.