Identifying Eating Disorders in Young Athletes

When we think of “young athletes,” we often envision strong, fast children thriving in their sports. However, the reality is that the pressure to maintain a certain appearance or weight can lead to serious eating disorders. To shed light on this issue, we consulted experts Amy Johnson, MS, RDN, CSSD, CDE, CDN, founder of Nutrition Balance, and Jessica Lee, LCSW-R, CEDS, psychotherapist and founder of Mindful Therapy NYC, to share vital information for parents and coaches about recognizing eating disorders in young athletes.

Recognizing Signs of Eating Disorders

Eating disorders encompass various unhealthy eating behaviors and thought patterns. Although conditions like Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, and Binge-eating disorder are the most commonly recognized, they manifest in diverse ways, each with unique symptoms.

Parents, families, and coaches should be vigilant for mood alterations such as irritability, anxiety, and depression, as well as increased fatigue and poor concentration. Excessive discussions about food, weight, or “healthy eating,” along with withdrawal from social interactions, can also be red flags. Additionally, avoiding meals or making excuses to skip eating with others may signify an eating disorder.

Johnson emphasizes that young athletes shouldn’t be so preoccupied with healthy eating that it restricts their ability to enjoy regular meals, snacks with friends, and even desserts. This rigidity can indicate a serious issue that needs professional attention.

Another often overlooked indicator is inflexibility regarding food choices. Lee highlights, “While food preferences are normal, a lack of flexibility and an extreme control over one’s diet often signals underlying disordered eating.”

Caregivers should also be observant of changes in physical appearance, such as weight fluctuations, skin issues, or hair and nail problems due to malnutrition. For individuals who menstruate, irregular or missed periods can be another concerning sign.

Eating Disorders Can Affect Any Child, But Some Sports Are Riskier

Eating disorders can manifest in young athletes from any background, regardless of their sport. Johnson points out that these disorders can start as early as age ten. While they can occur in any athletic context, certain sports with a “lighter is better” mentality—like swimming, gymnastics, or wrestling—exhibit a higher prevalence of eating disorders. It’s crucial to remember that eating disorders affect boys as well as girls.

Long-Term Consequences of Untreated Eating Disorders

Though participation in sports can boost self-esteem and teach teamwork, an unhealthy focus on weight can lead to serious long-term health issues. Untreated eating disorders can result in complications like hormonal imbalances, decreased bone health, and cardiovascular problems.

How to Seek Help

Raising awareness is critical, but it’s essential to approach the situation without placing blame. Johnson reminds us, “There is no blame here, only a path to recovery.” The sooner help is sought, the better the outcomes for young athletes.

Lee encourages families to consult professionals experienced in the unique pressures athletes face. Family Based Therapy (FBT) is noted as one of the most effective treatments for eating disorders among youth.

Coaches can also play a proactive role by challenging the notion that a certain weight is necessary for success and promoting healthy eating habits that meet athletes’ energy needs.

Eating disorders often stem from deeper issues such as stress or trauma. However, they are not hopeless conditions. Young athletes and their families can find the support they need; they just need to know where to look. If you believe your child is struggling with an eating disorder or developing disordered eating habits, it is crucial not to ignore the signs. Early intervention can make a significant difference.

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Summary:

Young athletes are susceptible to eating disorders due to the pressures of performance and appearance. Parents and coaches should be aware of the signs, which can include mood changes, rigid eating habits, and physical health issues. Although eating disorders can affect any athlete, certain sports carry a higher risk. Early recognition and professional help are vital for recovery.